Last update:
2014-04-08

Exploratory fracking en ENARA, Spain


Description:

On 24/10/2006, the Company Hydrocarbons of Euskadi, SA (SHESA) was granted with a licence for study the feasibility of a proposed fracking for a period of six years through the so-called Enara Licence (BOE 22/12/2005). SHESA is a company of the Basque Energy Organisation (EVE) within the Department of Industry of the Basque Government. The license involves territories in Euskadi and Castilla y León, affecting a total of 140,000 hectares.

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Basic Data
Name of conflict:Exploratory fracking en ENARA, Spain
Country:Spain
State or province:Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba/Alaba)
Location of conflict:Subijana
Accuracy of locationHIGH (Local level)
Source of Conflict
Type of conflict. 1st level:Fossil Fuels and Climate Justice/Energy
Type of conflict. 2nd level:Water access rights and entitlements
Shale gas fracking
Pollution related to transport (spills, dust, emissions)
Specific commodities:Natural Gas
Project Details and Actors
Project details

The estimate for Araba encompasses an area of more than 140,000 ha. The project aims to obtain 180 BCM (BCM = one billion m3) throught 2600-3000 wells. They would consume an estimate of 27 million to 113 million m3 of water. The project woudl generate from 4 million to 68 million m3 of waste water containing additives (which counts for ca 2% of the volume). The project planning also entails 75 million truck trips for gas transportation.

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Project area:140,000
Level of Investment for the conflictive project50000000
Type of populationSemi-urban
Start of the conflict:22/12/2005
Company names or state enterprises:Sociedad de Hidrocarburos de Euskadi, S.A. (SHESA) from Spain
Basque Energy Organitation (EVE) from Spain
Heyco Energy Group companies
Cambria Europe Inc. True Oil from United States of America
Spanish Association of Researchers and exploitative Companies Oil (ACIEP) from Spain
Relevant government actors:Industry of the Basque Government, Basque President, Basc Goverment, Basque government and Diputación Foral, Municipality of Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spanish central administration.
Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available:Plataforma Fracking EZ Araba: http://frackingezaraba.org/about/, There was a manifesto signed by different individuals, political entities, conservation associations and social movements., Acampada Gasteiz, Asociación Visón Europeo, ACOA-AKE, Aralar, Bildu, CCOO, Deshazkundea-Gasteiz, Eguzki, Ekologistak Martxan, ELA, EQUO, Gaden, Grupo Ecologista Gaia, Hala Bedi Irratia, Inmersiones, Izate, Izquierda Unida – Ezker Anitza, LAB, Mendialdetik, STEE-EILAS, UAGA, UGT, SEO/BirdLife, BIZILUR-Lankidetzarako eta Herrien Garapenerako Erakundea, Herriarte/Entrepueblos, SAGARRAK, Gernikako Ekologi Lan-Taldea, LOS VERDES – GRUPO VERDE, Bizkaiko emakume asanblada, KEM-MOC Bilbao, Asociación Fotografía y Biodiversidad, ESK, Greenpeace, Asociación Ikusbide, Euskalerriko Eskautak Araba, Las Trans, ACOVI, AEREN, Errotako gazte asanblada, Azken kolpe kontrakultura elkartea, UPyD, Asociación Otsogorrigaina Mendi Elkartea, Bionekazaritza, Itaya Gazte Asanblada.
Conflict & Mobilization
IntensityMEDIUM (street protests, visible mobilization)
Reaction stagePREVENTIVE resistance (precautionary phase)
Groups mobilizing:Farmers
Local government/political parties
Neighbours/citizens/communities
Social movements
Trade unions
Wastepickers, recyclers
Recreational users
Local scientists/professionals
Environtalist/conservation organisations
Forms of mobilization:Creation of alternative reports/knowledge
Development of alternative proposals
Involvement of national and international NGOs
Media based activism/alternative media
Official complaint letters and petitions
Public campaigns
Street protest/marches
Arguments for the rights of mother nature
Preparation of manifesto, Magazine, blog and web outreach, courses and workshops, demonstrations.
Impacts
Environmental ImpactsVisible: Air pollution, Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Fires, Global warming, Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Soil contamination, Oil spills, Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, Groundwater pollution or depletion, Mine tailing spills
Potential: Noise pollution, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality, Large-scale disturbance of hydro and geological systems, Reduced ecological / hydrological connectivity
Other Environmental impactsThe potential impact has been assessed according to the effects in other locations (U.S., France, Canada, Great Britain, Holland, Poland, South Africa, Bulgaria)
Health ImpactsVisible: Exposure to unknown or uncertain complex risks (radiation, etc…)
Potential: Accidents, Occupational disease and accidents, Other environmental related diseases
Other Health impactsUp to 650 different additives, of which not all are known. The Tyndall reveals that there toxic additives, carcinogenic and mutagenic products, plus potential radioactive and Heavy metals, that could bring diseases and serious health problems (cancer, reproductive problems, ...
* potential impact, according to other locations (U.S., France, Canada, Great Britain, Holland, Poland, South Africa, Bulgaria)
Socio-economical ImpactsVisible: Increase in Corruption/Co-optation of different actors
Potential: Displacement, Loss of livelihood, Loss of traditional knowledge/practices/cultures, Violations of human rights, Land dispossession, Loss of landscape/sense of place
Other socio-economic impacts* potential impact, according to other locations (U.S., France, Canada, Great Britain, Holland, Poland, South Africa, Bulgaria)
Outcome
Project StatusProposed (exploration phase)
Conflict outcome / response:Institutional changes
Court decision (victory for environmental justice)
New legislation
Strengthening of participation
Technical solutions to improve resource supply/quality/distribution
Proposal and development of alternatives:The committment to a sustainable energy model, efficient and renewable.
http://frackingezaraba.org/manifiesto/
Do you consider this an environmental justice success? Was environmental justice served?:Not Sure
Briefly explain:The conflict is still latent. The resistance has just begun, so it is still early to assess the degree of success in terms of environmental justice.
What is certain is that, in chase the project is carried out the project, the impacts will be clearly unevenly distributed, while benefits will remain in the hands of a few private companies.
The distribution of impacts (inc. environmental costs) will affect more to people who live closer to the extraction zone, but could also affect people from more remote areas, although the range is still unknown. Moreover, endangered ecosystems and resources for future generations would be seriously threatened.
The greatest danger occurs in the ground water systems. In this respect, the conflict is a matter of environmental justice and even water justice, since the biggest impacts will affect the water cycle. For a broader recognition of pluralistic values in the area, an effective participation would be necessary, together with a governmental turnaround in energy planning. These could involve sustainable and efficient alternatives, such as wind or solar.
Sources & Materials
Juridical relevant texts related to the conflict (laws, legislations, EIAs, etc)

Law 34/1998, of October 7, the hydrocarbon sector, mandating the exploration, transportation, distribution and marketing of oil and gas.

It fulfills the law of environmental impact assessment (RDL 11/01/2008).

Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas.

Violation of the precautionary principle of the treaty establishing the EU 174.2.

It violates the law of natural heritage and biodiversity (24/2007).

Other Laws:

Law 22/2011 ground.

It violates the water law (2006) and Water Framework Directive (2000) of the EU.

Law 12/2007, dated 2 July, amending Law 34/1998, of October 7, the hydrocarbon sector.

References to published books, academic articles, movies or published documentaries

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Memory ENARA
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Info SHESA
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The U.S. EPA, in 2010 anunción analyze research that negative impacts of fracking on water quality and public health.
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European Parliament Report 2011.

French law banning hydraulic fracturing (11/05/2011).

Some states like NY, Maryland and New Jersey have banned it.

Tyndal Inform -Uni. Oxford and Cambrige. ()
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(Fracking ez Araba)

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Fractura Hidraulica NO ()
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Related media links to videos, campaigns, social network

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Other comments:Petición dirigida al Congreso de los Diputados en Change, STOP FRACKING en España.
http://www.change.org/es/peticiones/al-congreso-de-los-diputados-stop-fracking-en-españa#description
Meta information
Contributor:Lucia Peña Armijo
Last update08/04/2014
Conflict ID:436
Comments
Legal notice / Aviso legal
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