The term Khashtalo in Romani language refers to "wood carvers" [4]. The Khashtalo community are a forest community [4] and reside in Hetea forest in Rumania between water streams for generations now. The streams and the forest are also their source of livelihoods and survival [1] [2]. Sometimes the community sells forest fruits and wild vegetables to neighbours in the town [5]. Khashtalo are the descendants of former monastery slaves or church owned slaves that went through a process of assimilation with Roma community and as a social status group. Following their official freedom as slaves, the community returned to their traditional way of life and started to live in forests where they crafted and collected wild forest fruits and vegetables [6]. Many of the Khashtalo do not identify themselves as Roma [1] [2]. The story of the Khashtalo is documented also in Victor Hugos novel The Hunchback of the Notre-Dame, as the character of Esmeralda was one of the Khashtalo community member, lived in the church [6]. In Hetea, Khashtalo are viewed by majority of non-Roma culture as a group that "lacks environmental awareness" while simultaneously being "dissociated from any timeless connections to land" but the Khashtalo community lives in the forest, collects woods, mushrooms and berries. Local non-Khashtalo and non-Roma communities alleged that because of Khashtalo environmental landscape aesthetics of the forest they live in is poorly managed [3]. Khashtalo are discriminated by their Romanian government and neighbours, and often blamed for unsustainable forest use just because they are considered Roma [4] [1] [2]. Romanians exclude them because based on prejudices and hard hate speech towards Khashtalo. [1] [2]. Apart from being racially discriminated, the community has not running water system, sewage, and is using open wells for drinking water, as they are not recognised by the government as Romanian citizens [4]. |
Name of conflict: | Discrimination of the “Khashtalo” community: a “forest” Roma settlement in Hetea, Romania |
Country: | Romania |
State or province: | Covasna |
Location of conflict: | Hetea |
Accuracy of location | HIGH (Local level) |
Type of conflict. 1st level: | Biomass and Land Conflicts (Forests, Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock Management) |
Type of conflict. 2nd level: | Logging and non timber extraction Land acquisition conflicts |
Specific commodities: | Land Fruits and Vegetables Timber Ecosystem Services |
Project details | There is no specific project from the state or a private firm that affects the community. Rather, the case demonstrates a deeply rooted racial persecution against the Khashtalo Forest community, and broader assumption that they are Roma. The case furthermore shows how the Khashtalo are accused of stealing vegetables, chickens, and fruits from other non-Khashtalo neighbours; just because their race; or accusations of the community for not knowing how to manage the forest lands. The local government neither recognise them as true Romanians and does not provide public water and sewerage infrastructure for the community [1] [2]. (There is however an alternative "ecotourist" project). [1]. |
Type of population | Rural |
Affected Population: | 85 families |
Start of the conflict: | 01/01/2017 |
Relevant government actors: | The (past and present) mayors of the Hetea town. |
Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available: | Tzigania Project explaining sociological – anthropological - environmental – and herbalist perspectives of the extremely marginalised community of the Forest. http://tzigania.com/hetea.html |
Intensity | LOW (some local organising) |
Reaction stage | Mobilization for reparations once impacts have been felt |
Groups mobilizing: | Indigenous groups or traditional communities Ethnically/racially discriminated groups |
Forms of mobilization: | Development of alternative proposals |
Environmental Impacts | Potential: Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality, Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Soil erosion |
Health Impacts | Potential: Malnutrition |
Socio-economical Impacts | Visible: Loss of traditional knowledge/practices/cultures, Loss of landscape/sense of place, Land dispossession, Loss of livelihood Potential: Displacement, Violations of human rights |
Project Status | Unknown |
Conflict outcome / response: | Negotiated alternative solution |
Proposal and development of alternatives: | Through a project based on ecotourism, the Khashtalo Forest community gained a recognition of a indigenous and community with high cultural heritage [1] [2]. |
Do you consider this an environmental justice success? Was environmental justice served?: | No |
Briefly explain: | Although the Khashtalo Forest community is starting to be recognised for their culture and relation to the forest; still the community is discriminated based on racial harassments and stereotypes. Also, the local government does not recognise Khashtalo as Romanian citizens and therefore no water nor sewerage system is provided for the community. |
References to published books, academic articles, movies or published documentaries |
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Related media links to videos, campaigns, social network |
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Contributor: | Ksenija Hanacek, ICTA-UAB |
Last update | 05/04/2021 |
Conflict ID: | 4288 |
Images |
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The Forest of Hetea flower and mushrooms
Khashtalo women of Hetea collecting flowers and mushrooms. Source: http://tzigania.com/hetea.html
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Khashtalo women of Hetea
Khashtalo women collecting wood. Source: http://tzigania.com/hetea.html
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Forest Gypsies of Hetea collecting flowers in teh forest
Source: http://tzigania.com/hetea.html
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