Last update:
2017-03-14

Unconventional gas exploration and production banned in Victoria, Australia

A five-year campaign based on strong community organising successfully stopped the exploration and production of unconventional gas. Quit Coal advocates for renewable energy and decentralisation



Description:

Of the three forms of unconventional gas, coal seam gas, shale gas and tight gas, Victoria has larger shale and tight gas reserves. After seeing the damaging experiences in Queensland and New South Wales in Australia, Quit Coal campaign saw the production of unconventional gas as a threat to the health and well being of local communities and a threat with regard to climate change.

See more
Basic Data
Name of conflict:Unconventional gas exploration and production banned in Victoria, Australia
Country:Australia
State or province:Victoria
Location of conflict:Gippsland
Accuracy of locationMEDIUM (Regional level)
Source of Conflict
Type of conflict. 1st level:Fossil Fuels and Climate Justice/Energy
Type of conflict. 2nd level:Oil and gas exploration and extraction
Specific commodities:Natural Gas
Project Details and Actors
Project details

Geoscience Australia (GA) estimates that Victoria’s Gippsland Basin contains 19 trillion cubic feet and Otway Basin 8 trillion cubic feet of shale and tight gas reserves. GA explains on its website that the figures derive from a “desktop assessment, using only publicly available data as inputs and following a probabilistic volumetric methodology. Results of the assessment are quoted at confidence levels of 10 per cent, 50 per cent, 90 per cent (P10, P50, P90), and mean”. http://www.ga.gov.au/aera/gas

Project area:4,155,600
Type of populationSemi-urban
Affected Population:255,718 Population of Gippsland in the 2011 Census
Start of the conflict:23/09/2011
End of the conflict:30/08/2016
Company names or state enterprises:Mantle Mining Corporation from Australia - Mantle Mining is involved through exploration licences
ExxonMobil Corporation (Exxon) from United States of America
Lakes Oil from Australia - Lakes Oil is involved through exploration licences
Relevant government actors:Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/)
Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association
Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available:- Quit Coal, https://quitcoal.org.au/
- Lock the Gate, http://www.lockthegate.org.au/
- Coal and CSG Free Mirboo North, https://www.facebook.com/CoalAndCsgFreeMirbooNorth/
- CSG Free Poowong, https://www.facebook.com/CsgFreePoowong/
- Doctors for Environment Australia, https://www.dea.org.au/
- Environmental Justice Australia, https://envirojustice.org.au/
Conflict & Mobilization
IntensityMEDIUM (street protests, visible mobilization)
Reaction stagePREVENTIVE resistance (precautionary phase)
Groups mobilizing:Farmers
Local ejos
Local government/political parties
Neighbours/citizens/communities
Pastoralists
Social movements
Local scientists/professionals
Religious groups
Forms of mobilization:Artistic and creative actions (eg guerilla theatre, murals)
Blockades
Creation of alternative reports/knowledge
Development of a network/collective action
Development of alternative proposals
Involvement of national and international NGOs
Media based activism/alternative media
Official complaint letters and petitions
Public campaigns
Street protest/marches
Impacts
Environmental ImpactsPotential: Global warming, Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Groundwater pollution or depletion, Other Environmental impacts
Other Environmental impactsSeismic activity
Health ImpactsPotential: Mental problems including stress, depression and suicide, Other environmental related diseases
Socio-economical ImpactsPotential: Loss of livelihood, Loss of landscape/sense of place, Other socio-economic impacts
Other socio-economic impactsPotential to divide communities
Outcome
Project StatusStopped
Conflict outcome / response:New legislation
Moratoria
Proposal and development of alternatives:Permanent ban on unconventional gas exploration and production
Transition to renewable energy
Distributed energy systems
Do you consider this an environmental justice success? Was environmental justice served?:Yes
Briefly explain:The Victorian Government announced that it would introduce legislation to permanently ban the exploration and development of unconventional gas in Victoria, and extend the current moratorium on exploration for onshore conventional gas until 30 June 2020.
As stated by Chloe Aldenhoven: “Victoria will become a national leader – the first state to implement a permanent ban on unconventional gas.
It is also one of the most robust policies in the world. Less than 15 international jurisdictions, state or national, have implemented legislation which severely restricts unconventional gas extraction. Even fewer have enacted permanent bans inclusive of all onshore gas exploration and extraction activities.
The Victorian ban is more permanent than Germany’s or Scotland’s, and more allencompassing than the bans in New York, Vermont or France.
However this campaign was not only historic and world-leading in its outcomes. It was also historic for its use of grassroots democracy, the coalitions it developed between conservative farming communities, environmentalists and everyone in between, and the sheer scale of the community movement.” (Aldenhoven 2016, p.10)
Sources & Materials
Juridical relevant texts related to the conflict (laws, legislations, EIAs, etc)

Native Title Act 1993 (Commonwealth)

Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Victoria)

Environment Effects Act 1978 (Victoria)

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Commonwealth)

Mineral Resources Development Regulations 2002 (Victoria)

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth)

Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 (Victoria)

Mineral Resources Sustainable Development Act 1990 (MRSD Act): Licensing for exploration and production of CSG (Victoria)

Petroleum Act 1998: Licensing for the exploration and production of shale and tight gas (Victoria)

Friends of the Earth, (2014), “The campaign against new coal and gas in Victoria. The story so far.”, [online], Friends of the Earth Melbourne website, http://www.melbournefoe.org.au/coal_and_gas, [accessed 28 February 2017]
[click to view]

Earth Resources, (2016), “Minerals”, [online], Earth Resources website, http://earthresources.vic.gov.au/earth-resources-regulation/licensing-and-approvals/minerals, [accessed 28 February 2017]
[click to view]

Parliament of Victoria, “Research Papers”, [online], Parliament of Victoria website, http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/research-papers/download/36-research-papers/13717-unconventional-gas-paper-final, [accessed 28 February 2017]
[click to view]

Geoscience Australia, “Gas”, [online], Geoscience Australia website, http://www.ga.gov.au/aera/gas, [28 February 2017]
[click to view]

Aldenhoven, C., (2016), “Victory!: Victoria's unconventional gas ban”, [online], Chain Reaction, No. 128, Nov 2016: pp.10-13. Availability: ISSN: 0312-1372 [accessed 28 February 2017]
[click to view]

Meta information
Contributor:Australian Environmental Justice Project, Lisa de Kleyn, [email protected]
Last update18/08/2019
Conflict ID:2698
Comments
Legal notice / Aviso legal
We use cookies for statistical purposes and to improve our services. By clicking "Accept cookies" you consent to place cookies when visiting the website. For more information, and to find out how to change the configuration of cookies, please read our cookie policy. Utilizamos cookies para realizar el análisis de la navegación de los usuarios y mejorar nuestros servicios. Al pulsar "Accept cookies" consiente dichas cookies. Puede obtener más información, o bien conocer cómo cambiar la configuración, pulsando en más información.