In 2013, Brazilian National Oil Agency – ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo) prepared its 12th Auction of Oil and Gas Exploration Areas. Among these, there were the “blocos¨ or areas located in the Vale do Juruá region – (Center-North part of the State of Acre and West of the state of Amazonas). It sits directly on top of the Aquifer Juruá: one of the Amazon´s most important aquifers. It is also located next to two indigenous territories, belonging to the Nukini and the Poyanawá. The concession area AC-T-8, according to ANP, could be destined for shale gas exploration through hydraulic fracking. This caused major consternation among social-environmental movements and civil society. The Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science (SBPC), CIMI (Indigenous Missionary Council) and anti-fracking movements such as COESUS (No-Fracking in Brazil Coalition) are among those agents that started the mobilization against the exploration in the region. The possible application of hydraulic fracking caused even more concern due to the uncertainties and great environmental risks involved in the activity. Although certain mobilization was in course, the ANP went ahead with the auction. In it, Brazilian Oil/Gas Company Petrobras acquired the areas for exploration in the region. One year later, mobilization from social movements already encompassed civil society in a wider discussion regarding fracking in Brazil, whereas before, it was mostly unheard of. Due to the greater attention received in overall Brazilian media and civil society, resistance against fracking became stronger – including a significant victories of social movements in the State of Paraná, the state of Piauí and other states against the exploration of shale gas. As such, in 2015 the ANP launched its 13th Auction of Oil and Gas Exploration Areas. This was a time for more mobilization, including a stronger participation of civil society. This way, the Federal Public Office through its attorney in Cruzeiro do Sul - the State of Acre managed to secure a suspension of the auctioning and exploration of areas destined to hydraulic fracking. The Brazilian Procuradoria Office (general attorney) assumed an anti-fracking position. It is a partner to civil society in resisting against the activity. The claims made against fracking (accepted by Brazilian Federal Justice) are that the activity has most grave environmental and social risk of impacts. Scientists have shown the impacts in water contamination from fracking – generating thus more concern over this extractive activity. Such claims are finding resonance in Brazil among diverse groups and agents in society and as such, resistance against fracking has come a long way. Probably from hearing these outcries within society, Petrobras has declared that the contract for exploration does not infer that it will be a shale gas production but rather conventional gas and oil production. The suspension of shale gas exploration by use of fracking at the Vale do Juruá region still holds. It mainly holds because in Brazil there is in place a dominant narrative regarding the uncertainties and the risks involving fracking activity. This provides resistance movements a substantial argument to reinforce resistance against shale gas exploration, especially in protected areas such as Vale do Juruá – a region rich in biodiversity. A discursive reversal which appeals to exploration in these areas might grant pro-exploration enthusiasts an upper-hand and push through the auction of these areas. |